About IJTHAP
The International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific (IJTHAP) is an academic, interdisciplinary, and peer-reviewed publication (Print ISSN: 2685-8800 and Online ISSN: 2654-7945) under the Association of International Business and Professional Management, published in Indonesia. This open-access journal is published quarterly. IJTHAP aims to advance theoretical development in hospitality and tourism. To encourage innovation and the dissemination of fresh ideas, the journal also welcomes conceptual research, book reviews, and reflective essays by hospitality practitioners.
The mission of IJTHAP is to publish scholarly empirical and theoretical research articles, providing both authors and readers with academic rigor and opportunities for professional development. The journal also fosters a global community of professionals and experts in the field.

Why Publish with IJTHAP?
At IJTHAP, we are dedicated to advancing scholarly discourse in tourism and hospitality. Our journal provides a rigorous yet inclusive platform for researchers and practitioners to present insights that are both theoretically rich and practically meaningful. We offer:
- Global Visibility: As an open-access journal, IJTHAP ensures that your research is accessible to a wide international audience, amplifying its reach and impact.
- Interdisciplinary Integration: We embrace diverse perspectives across tourism, hospitality, sustainability, cultural studies, and service management, fostering rich cross-disciplinary dialogue.
- Real-World Relevance: IJTHAP values research that not only contributes to academic theory but also addresses emerging trends, policies, and industry challenges in the tourism and hospitality sector.
Who Should Read IJTHAP?
IJTHAP serves as a critical resource for a diverse readership invested in the development of tourism and hospitality knowledge. Our readers include:
- Academics and researchers seeking the latest empirical and conceptual findings in hospitality, tourism, and sustainable travel studies
- Industry professionals aiming to apply research insights into strategic and operational improvements in tourism and hospitality sectors
- Policy advisors and government agencies involved in tourism development, cultural preservation, and destination governance
- Educators and students in tourism management and hospitality programs looking for authoritative and accessible academic sources
Join Us
Whether you are an academic, a tourism expert, or a policy practitioner, we welcome your contributions to IJTHAP. Join our community of scholars and professionals who are shaping the future of sustainable tourism, hospitality innovation, and cross-cultural destination management.
Editorial

Ira Kristiana
Editor-in-Chief
As the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific (IJTHAP), I am pleased to welcome you to a platform that values academic rigor, critical dialogue, and transformative ideas in the fields of tourism and hospitality.
IJTHAP is committed to publishing works that go beyond traditional paradigms, embracing sustainability, inclusivity, and global perspectives. We invite scholars and practitioners to join our mission in reshaping the discourse on travel, culture, and hospitality in Asia Pacific and beyond.
Publication Frequency
The International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific (IJTHAP) is published three times a year in February, June, and October. Each issue presents peer-reviewed scholarly works that reflect emerging trends and innovations in the global tourism and hospitality industries.
Publication
Publication
Publication
Vol 8, No 3 (2025): October 2025
Table of Contents
Articles
Kok Ban Teoh, Lyn Liq Ooi, Dwi Nita Aryani, Irdina Zulaikha binti Syukli Noor Azmin, Feng Fang, Guo Yilin, Huang Yuheng, Mifta Darus Salam, Daisy Mui Hung Kee
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372-388
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Yee Huei Lok, Kok Ban Teoh, Wen Jing Cheang, Liangyu Chen, Quanxi Chen, Xinkai Feng, Zhuyi Chen, Anees Jane Ali, Daisy Mui Hung Kee
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389-407
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I Gusti Ayu Imbayani, I Made Surya Prayoga, Ni Komang Ayu Putri Dwiyanti
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408-423
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Jamin Kun Peng Xia, Louis Yong Yu Lee, Meenu Baliyan, Yeok Teng Chong, Zhiheng Chen, Cherry Lee Chee Chong, Zheng Hung Chin, Alif Aminullah, Sachin Kumar, Daisy Mui Hung Kee
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424-440
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Dwi Nita Aryani, Ng Wei Chen, Gan Kia Hui, Koh Teng Wei, Khor Ming Hooi, Lee Yi Ching, Lee Yi Ching, Kashwini A/P Kesavan, Kashwini A/P Kesavan, Afizah Sabrina Ainurohmah, Afizah Sabrina Ainurohmah, Daisy Mui Hung Kee, Daisy Mui Hung Kee
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441-459
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Rosmelisa Yusof, Liem Gai Sin, Nursafiyyah Mohamed Fauzi, Nurul Afiqah Mohd Nasir, Nurul Alis Amira Ahmad Mahidin, Nurul Firzanah Mohd Suhaimi, Nurul Muzirah Syed Abu Bakar, A. J. Ali, Daisy Mui Hung Kee
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460-482
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Kok Ban Teoh, Kia Hui Gan, Foong Jia Yee, Gan Lee Fan, Lin Shihui, Fathimah Az-Zahra Binti Harudin, Fu Wei, A. J. Ali, Daisy Mui Hung Kee
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483-499
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Lay Hong Tan, Choon Ling Sim, Jia Hui Tan, Jing Hui Tan, Ke Rou Tan, Qiu Yu Tan, Shi Wei Tan, A. J. Ali, Daisy Mui Hung Kee
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500-516
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Achbar Adi Saputra, Dwi Nita Aryani, Azura Abdullah Effendi, Virly Assa Lunsa, Xu Congbo, Chew Kah Song, Syed Noor Izhar
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517-533
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Ainul Mohsein Binti Abdul Mohsin, A. J. Ali, Daisy Mui Hung Kee, Muhammad Danish Haikal Bin Mohamad Nassa, Muhammad Afiq Adid Bin Sharuddin, Muhammad Aiman Bin Mohd Hatta, Muhammad Asyqar Widad Bin Mohd Azrol Nizam, Muhammad Danish Akmal Bin Kamarudin
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534-550
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