Dispositional Mindfulness as Internal Resource to Optimize Mental Health at Work

Dhevy Puswiartika; Bau Ratu; Rosmala Nur

doi:10.32535/jcda.v8i2.3852

Dispositional Mindfulness as Internal Resource to Optimize Mental Health at Work

Dhevy Puswiartika, Bau Ratu, Rosmala Nur

Abstract

Mental health in the workplace is essential because it can affect employees' performance and productivity. One effective strategy to maintain mental health in the workplace is developing dispositional mindfulness in employees. This study aimed to describe dispositional mindfulness as an internal resource of employees in a railway transportation service provider in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study highlights mindfulness as a dispositional trait influencing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions, enhancing stress management, work performance, relationships, and overall well-being. The authors used a survey method to distribute the Dispositional Mindfulness at Work Scale to 357 employees in supervisory positions through quota sampling. Data analysis, conducted using SPSS 21.0, revealed that respondents generally exhibited strong dispositional mindfulness, with significant differences based on age and education level. Among the components of mindfulness, awareness emerged as the dominant trait, followed by acceptance, attention, and present focus. These findings suggest that management can implement mindfulness programs to enhance work performance and service quality. This study contributes to the literature on mindfulness in organizational settings, particularly within the railway transportation sector.

Keywords

age; dispositional mindfulness; education level; railway transportation; service provider; supervisors

Full Text:

PDF

References

Allred, C. M. (2012). Mindfulness and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Recognizing When to Help Others in the Workplace. East Carolina University.

Alparslan, A. M., & Can, A. (2015). The antecedents of extra-role organizational behaviors: The antecedents of extra-role organizational behaviors: A qualitative research on soldier. Journal of Business Research Turk, 7(1), 26–42.

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504

Beverage, S., DeLong, K., Herold, I. M. H., & Neufeld, K. (2014). Mindful leadership defined and explained. Advances in Librarianship, 38, 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0065-283020140000038000

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., ... & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph077

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 822–848.

Brown, K. W., Creswell, J. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice. In Handbook of Mindfulness: Theory, Research, and Practice. Guilford Press.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298

Calhoun, J. F., & Acocella, J. R. (1990). Psychology of Adjustment and Human Relationships. McGraw Hill.

Cataldi, A., Kampelmann, S., & Rycx, F. (2012). Does it pay to be productive? The case of age groups. International Journal of Manpower, 33(3), 264–283. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721211234156

Dane, E. (2011). Paying attention to mindfulness and its effects on task performance in the workplace. Journal of Management, 37(4), 997-1018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310367948

Daniel, L., Borders, L. D., & Willse, J. (2015). The role of supervisors’ and supervisees’ mindfulness in clinical supervision. Counselor Education and Supervision, 54(3), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceas.12015

Gibson, M. (2008). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Erlangga.

Glomb, T. M., Duffy, M. K., Bono, J. E., & Yang, T. (2011). Mindfulness at work. In A. Joshi, H. Liao, & J. J. Martocchio (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (pp. 115-157). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-7301(2011)0000030005

Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., ... & Lazar, S. W. (2016). Contemplating mindfulness at work: An integrative review. Journal of Management, 42(1), 114-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315617003

Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6(4), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307

Hülsheger, U. R., Walkowiak, A., & Thommes, M. S. (2018). How can mindfulness be promoted? Workload and recovery experiences as antecedents of daily fluctuations in mindfulness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12206

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. In Behaviour Research and Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)90133-7

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. In Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bpg016

Langer, E. J., & Moldoveanu, M. (2000). The construct of mindfulness. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00148

Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., ... & Devins, G. (2006). The Toronto mindfulness scale: Development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445-1467. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20326

Levinthal, D., & Rerup, C. (2006). Crossing an apparent chasm: Bridging mindful and less-mindful perspectives on organizational learning. Organization Science, 17(4), 502–513. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0197

Li, L. Y., Meng, X., Hu, W. T., Geng, J. S., Cheng, T. H., Luo, J. C., ... & Wang, Y. Y. (2023). A meta-analysis of the association between mindfulness and motivation. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1159902. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1159902

Liou, Z. Y., Lok, Y. H., Teoh, K. B., Lim, J. T., Lim, K. E., Lim, P. E., & Kee, D. M. H. (2024). Influencing factors on customer behavioral intentions to use a food delivery app: A study of GrabFood in Malaysia. Advances in Global Economics and Business Journal, 5(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.51748/agebj.v5i1.92

Long, E. C., & Christian, M. S. (2015). Mindfulness buffers retaliatory responses to injustice: A regulatory approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(5), 1409.

Lutz, A., Jha, A. P., Dunne, J. D., & Saron, C. D. (2015). Investigating the phenomenological matrix of mindfulness-related practices from a neurocognitive perspective. American Psychologist, 70(7), 632.

Malinowski, P., & Lim, H. J. (2015). Mindfulness at work: Positive affect, hope, and optimism mediate the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, work engagement, and well-being. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1250–1262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0388-5

Ministry of Manpower of Indonesia (Kemnaker RI). (2024, October 13). Kemnaker: Stress Pengaruhi Kesehatan Jiwa Pekerja. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia. https://kemnaker.go.id/news/detail/kemnaker-stress-pengaruhi-kesehatan-jiwa-pekerja?utm_source=

Pagnini, F., Thoolen, S., Smith, N., Van Ombergen, A., Grosso, F., Langer, E., & Phillips, D. (2024). Mindfulness disposition as a protective factor against stress in Antarctica: A potential countermeasure for long-duration spaceflight? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102254

Puswiartika, D. (2022). Mindfulness in Everyday Life: Teknik Praktis Mindfulness untuk Menjaga Kesehatan Mental (1st ed.). In D. Mawardi (Ed.). Azkiya Publishing.

Puswiartika, D., & Ratu, B. (2020). The effect of mindfulness-based intervention on work stress of nurses who work in an emergency department in a hospital in Indonesia. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 5(1), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v5i1.728

Puswiartika, D., Bettega, M., & Ratu, B. (2021a). The effect of mindfulness-based intervention on service commitment of the employees of telecommunication service provider in COVID-19 pandemic. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(5), 1-7.

Puswiartika, D., Hinduan, Z. R., Sulastiana, M., & Harding, D. (2019). Measuring customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior on the employees of railway transportation service provider. Binus Business Review, 10(2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v10i2.5277

Puswiartika, D., Ratu, B., Gagaramusu, Y., & Inayah, P. (2024). Development of a mindfulness intervention guide as an effort to optimize self-love to maintain student mental health. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v9i1.2609

Puswiartika, D., Ratu, B., Ihyatun, N., & Zaky, M. (2025). Using the mindful inner smile technique to foster self-love for maintaining mental health of junior high school students. In D. R. Hidayat, I. L. Utomo, F. C. Wibowo, D. K. Robby, L. A. Sanjaya, R. Hananto, & I. T. Herawati (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Learning Educational Technologies (ICELET 2024) (pp. 28–36). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-374-0_4

Puswiartika, D., Ratu, B., Misnah, M., Iskandar, I., & Hasan, H. (2021b). Dispositional mindfulness as psychological resource of college students in COVID-19 pandemic. Review of International Geographical Education, 11(12), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.12.47

Rana, N. B. M. M., Rayeesudeen, N. B., Jalil, N. A. B. A., & Abideen, N. B. M. Z. (2023). An overview of mental health on stress among students in USM. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education, 6(3), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.32535/apjme.v6i3.2673

Reb, J., & Atkins, P. W. (Eds.). (2015). Mindfulness in Organizations: Foundations, Research, and Applications. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107587793

Reb, J., Narayanan, J., & Chaturvedi, S. (2014). Leading mindfully: Two studies on the influence of supervisor trait mindfulness on employee well-being and performance. Mindfulness, 5(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0144-z

Reb, J., Narayanan, J., & Ho, Z. W. (2013). Mindfulness at work: Antecedents and consequences of employee awareness and absent-mindedness. Mindfulness, 6(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0236-4

Riwukore, J. R., Susanto, Y., Pilkandis, J., & Habaora, F. (2021). Analysis of employee performance in the Department of Education and Culture, Lubuklinggau City. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education, 4(2), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.32535/apjme.v4i2.1149

Schultz, P. P., Ryan, R. M., Niemiec, C. P., Legate, N., & Williams, G. C. (2015). Mindfulness, work climate, and psychological need satisfaction in employee well-being. Mindfulness, 6, 971-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0338-7

Tsai, N., Treves, I. N., Bauer, C. C., Scherer, E., Caballero, C., West, M. R., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2024). Dispositional mindfulness: Dissociable affective and cognitive processes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-024-02462-y

Vago, D. R., & David, S. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): A framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(1), 296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296

Verdorfer, A. P. (2016). Examining mindfulness and its relations to humility, motivation to lead, and actual servant leadership behaviors. Mindfulness, 7(4), 950–961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0534-8

Wagner, S. L., & Rush, M. C. (2000). Altruistic organizational citizenship behavior: Context, disposition, and age. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(3), 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600478

Wasylkiw, L., Holton, J., Azar, R., & Cook, W. (2015). The impact of mindfulness on leadership effectiveness in a health care setting: A pilot study. Journal of Health, Organisation and Management, 29(7), 893–911. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-06-2014-0099

World Health Organization (WHO). (2022, September 28). Mental health at work. WHO. https://www.who.int//News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Mental-Health-at-Work/

World Health Organization (WHO). (2023, October 10). Our minds, our rights. WHO. https://www.who.int/Campaigns/World-Mental-Health-Day/2023

Yahui, L., Shiwen, C., Anis, N. S. B. A., Guodong, S., Yuanhao, G., Hung, D. K. M., & Azmi, N. A. (2023). How service quality influence customer satisfaction: A case study of Starbucks in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pacific, 6(3), 29–41. http://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v6i3.2173

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v8i2.3852